8 January 2007: My Views on Sino-Indian RelationsI was inspired by Hogzilla's comment to write this irrelevant entry, but since it discusses a topic that may bore most readers to tears I suggest that uninterested friends skip the post as they deem fit.
China and India are the world’s most populous nations, and both had emerged as new political entities shortly after World War II. For the past decades, China and India had been suspicious of each other’s ambitions to a fair extent, and relations between the two countries were troubled. Potential areas of conflict between China and India may arrive as legacies of the past, and one of them is the wrestle to achieve regional hegemony in Asia.
With vast pools of resources to exploit, both China and India enjoy the potential to become the world’s next superpowers. Competition between them for sheer national pride and prestige is inevitable. Located at close proximity to each other, they seem destined to be traditional foes, possessing the same agenda to dominate Asia politically. Communist China is a nationalistic China, and since it’s founding has been devoting itself to reclaiming all lost territories of the bygone Qing Dynasty. India was a newly independent nation seeking to recover the lost glory of the old Mughal Empire, and to reassert itself from its centuries-old dormant position in the sub-continent.
The first major diplomatic row between the two huge neighbors was the 1959 establishment of the Tibetan government-in-exile in India that had enraged China and soured relations between them, and this occurred years after the Chinese annexation of Tibet in 1951. Border issues between India and Tibet (then part of China) had remained unresolved, and these escalated into the Sino-Indian Border War in 1962. Later, India annexed Sikkim in 1975 and China refused to recognize this. Obviously, territorial disputes were a major source of conflict between China and India, and they will stay so in the near future. The dispute over Tibet lingers, and the long boundary shared by China and India has yet to be defined. The Himalayas shall thus remain as a buffer zone between the two contesting countries for regional hegemony.
The Cold War before its end had its detrimental effects on the bilateral relations between China and India. From American perspectives, Communist China under Mao was antagonistic at the early stages of its founding, having reinforced the North Korean regime in the Korean War, allied itself with the Soviet Union until the Sino-Soviet divide, and supported Ho Chi Minh in the Vietnam War. At such times, India, the world’s largest democracy by population, seemed to the United States (and later the Soviet Union) like a convenient partner to court in retaliation against looming China. Albeit determined to field its own stand in world affairs and reluctant to be viewed as a pawn by the two world superpowers, India had assumed this position, because it required arms imports and financial aid from them, as well as it faced a real threat from China. The Soviet Union later overtook the United States (aligned more to Pakistan) as India’s most influential ally, but more seeds of discord had already been sowed between China and India as a result of the Cold War.
On their own, both China and India had also resorted to forming strategic alliances with the aim of counteracting each other. China had allegedly exported arms and perhaps nukes as well to Pakistan, hoping to woo India’s (worse) sworn enemy to its side. To offset the China-Pakistan encirclement, India allied itself with the United States, which has its own conflict with China over Taiwan. Viewed in the larger context of the Asia-Pacific region, many third parties are involved in the power play between China and India. Consequently, relations between China and India are susceptible to influence by external factors beyond their direct control, and conflict may arise between them when they are required by circumstances to honor their alliances or national interests. These alliances are nonetheless bids or efforts aimed at securing an important national interest of gaining regional hegemony in Asia.
Therefore, China and India will potentially conflict over exerting a greater political clout than the other in Asia. The thaw of relations between them in recent years had not led to conclusive agreements over many unresolved issues, and this may brew trouble for their bilateral ties in future.
To Hogzilla: I will try my best to find your books. I am proud of your interests. If you don't mind, I can talk to you more about the Sino-Japanese War after returning to Singapore.